Berberine reduced fasting plasma glucose by 0.82 mmol/L, HbA1c by 0.63%, and 2-hour postprandial glucose by 1.16 mmol/L across 37 RCTs (n=3048); glucose-lowering effect correlated with baseline glucose levels.

Berberine reduced LDL cholesterol by 0.46 mmol/L, triglycerides by 0.34 mmol/L, and total cholesterol by 0.48 mmol/L across 18 RCTs; HDL changes differed by sex (increase in women, slight decrease in men). No serious adverse events reported.

CoQ10 100 mg three times daily over 2 years reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (15% vs 26% placebo) and all-cause mortality (10% vs 18% placebo; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.95) in addition to standard therapy.

CoQ10 supplementation significantly improved statin-associated muscle pain (WMD −1.60), weakness (WMD −2.28), cramps (WMD −1.78), and tiredness (WMD −1.75) across 12 RCTs (n=575), though plasma creatine kinase was not significantly reduced.