Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting involves cyclical patterns of eating & fasting, such as the 16:8 or 5:2 methods, which can promote weight loss, improve metabolic health, & support longevity.

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Evidence last reviewed: 05 Apr 2026

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Biomarkers studied

Outcomes directly measured across the evidence records below

Cardiovascular

Blood PressureHDL CholesterolLDL CholesterolTriglycerides

Metabolic

Body WeightBMIInsulin SensitivityBlood GlucoseHbA1c

Evidence

5 records

Body weight reduction

Adults with overweight or obesity • Systematic review

PUBMEDHigh

Intermittent fasting strategies, particularly alternate day fasting, showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to ad-libitum diets.

Dose: —Form: Alternate Day Fasting

Citation: Eglseer et al. (2023). Nutrition and Exercise Interventions to Improve Body Composition for Persons with Overweight or Obesity Near Retirement Age: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Metabolic health

General adult population • Umbrella review

PUBMEDHigh

Intermittent fasting improved metabolic health markers compared to ad-libitum diets.

Dose: —

Citation: Patikorn et al. (2021). Intermittent Fasting and Obesity-Related Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Glycemic control

Adults with diabetes • RCT

PUBMEDModerate

A 5:2 intermittent fasting meal replacement diet improved glycemic control & reduced body weight.

Dose: —Form: 5:2

Citation: Guo et al. (2024). A 5:2 Intermittent Fasting Meal Replacement Diet and Glycemic Control for Adults With Diabetes: The EARLY Randomized Clinical Trial.

Cardiometabolic risk factors

General adult population • Systematic review

PUBMEDHigh

Intermittent fasting diets showed similar benefits to continuous energy restriction for weight loss & cardiometabolic risk factors.

Dose: —

Citation: Dong et al. (2020). Intermittent Fasting: A Heart Healthy Dietary Pattern?

Weight loss

Overweight and obese adults • Systematic review and meta-analysis

PUBMEDHigh

Intermittent fasting was effective for weight loss in overweight & obese patients, with alternate day fasting showing the most benefit.

Dose: —Form: Alternate Day Fasting

Citation: Harris et al. (2018). Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Forms

16:8

16 hours fasting, 8 hours eating window

5:2

5 days normal eating, 2 days restricted calorie intake

Alternate Day Fasting

Alternating between fasting and eating days

Time-Restricted Eating

Eating only during a specific time window each day

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Metabolic Health & Weight Management

by@athlete

Metformin & intermittent fasting are combined to support metabolic health & weight management. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity & glucose metabolism, while intermittent fasting aids in weight management & metabolic regulation.

Metformin

500mg

Intermittent Fasting

0mg

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