PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist developed from Melanotan II, acting on MC1R, MC3R, and MC4R to produce centrally mediated sexual arousal rather than acting peripherally on vascular tissue as PDE5 inhibitors do. It received FDA approval in 2019 (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, making it the first approved melanocortin-based pharmaceutical for sexual dysfunction. Unlike sildenafil or tadalafil, PT-141 is effective regardless of genital blood flow and shows some evidence of benefit in men with erectile dysfunction non-responsive to PDE5 inhibitors, though this indication is not FDA-approved. It is administered subcutaneously approximately 45 minutes before anticipated sexual activity; common side effects include transient nausea, facial flushing, and blood pressure changes.
Evidence last reviewed: 19 Apr 2026
Not a routine supplement — not recommended for self-directed use.
Information here is educational only, not a recommendation to use. See our Safety page.
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Evidence is from research or clinical settings — does not imply safety outside supervised contexts.
The evidence supports PT-141's effectiveness in increasing sexual desire and satisfaction in premenopausal women with HSDD. However, there are concerns about higher rates of adverse events leading to study discontinuation, indicating a need for careful monitoring.
Safety profilePremenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder · Systematic reviewHigh
The most common adverse events were nausea, flushing, headache, and injection site reactions.
Adverse event-induced study discontinuationPremenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder · Meta-analysisModerate
Adverse event-induced study discontinuation was significantly higher in the bremelanotide group compared to placebo.
Sexual satisfactionPremenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder · RCTHigh
Bremelanotide improved sexual satisfaction and related distress in premenopausal women.
Sexual desirePremenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder · RCTHigh
Bremelanotide significantly increased sexual desire and reduced distress related to low sexual desire compared to placebo.