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Probiotics (General)

Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits, particularly for gut health, immune function, & potentially mood & metabolic health.

gut healthimmunemental healthmetabolic

Evidence last reviewed: 05 Apr 2026

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Evidence
5 records
5 recordsBest grade:Moderate
Biomarkers
Insulin SensitivityMood / WellbeingAnxietyGut Microbiome

Moderate evidence suggests probiotics can help with depression, anxiety, IBS, and acute diarrhoea. However, the evidence for insulin resistance in PCOS is less robust. Overall, while beneficial for many, individual responses may vary.

depression
Individuals with depression · Meta-analysis
Moderate

Probiotics yielded small but significant effects for reducing depression.

Dose: —
Citation: Liu et al. (2019). Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neurobiology of Reviews.
anxiety
Individuals with anxiety · Meta-analysis
Moderate

Probiotics showed small but significant effects for reducing anxiety.

Dose: —
Citation: Liu et al. (2019). Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neurobiology of Reviews.
acute infectious diarrhoea
Individuals with acute infectious diarrhoea · Systematic review
Moderate

Probiotics may be effective in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhoea.

Dose: —
Citation: Collinson et al. (2020). Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Nutrition.
irritable bowel syndrome
Individuals with IBS · Systematic review
Moderate

Probiotics may provide benefits for managing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

Dose: —
Citation: Dale et al. (2019). Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review.
insulin resistance
Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) · Systematic review
Low

Probiotics, prebiotics, & synbiotics may help manage insulin resistance & hormonal imbalance in PCOS.

Dose: —
Citation: Martinez Guevara et al. (2024). Effectiveness of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Managing Insulin Resistance and Hormonal Imbalance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
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Forms & usage▾
How to take it

Take 1–2 capsules daily with food, or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Capsules
Common form for general use.
Powder
Often mixed with water or food.
Fermented Foods
Includes yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut.
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