Calcium
Calcium is an essential mineral crucial for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Supplementation is particularly beneficial for individuals with low dietary intake, postmenopausal women, and those at risk of osteoporosis.
Evidence last reviewed: 20 Apr 2026
The evidence strongly supports calcium and vitamin D for improving bone mineral density and preventing hip fractures in postmenopausal women. However, results for older adults show mixed findings regarding fracture risk, indicating a need for further research.
Bone mineral densityPostmenopausal women · Meta-analysisHigh
Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation significantly increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Fracture incidenceCommunity-dwelling older adults · Systematic reviewModerate
No significant association was found between calcium supplementation and reduced fracture risk in older adults.
Hip fracture preventionPostmenopausal women · Systematic reviewHigh
Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation could prevent osteoporosis-related hip fractures.
Fracture riskCommunity-dwelling older adults · Meta-analysisModerate
Calcium supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of fractures among older adults.
Pre-eclampsia preventionPregnant women · Systematic reviewLow
Calcium supplementation may help in the prevention of pre-eclampsia.
Forms & usage▾
Take 500–1,200 mg daily, ideally with vitamin D for better absorption.