Afamelanotide (Melanotan I)
Afamelanotide is a synthetic linear analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with high selectivity for the MC1R receptor, which governs melanin production in melanocytes and provides a photoprotective response in skin. It is FDA-approved and EMA-approved (Scenesse) for reducing phototoxic reactions in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a rare genetic disorder causing severe sun-induced pain, allowing patients longer and less painful UV exposure. Unlike Melanotan II, its MC1R selectivity means it does not significantly activate MC3R or MC4R, minimizing appetite, sexual function, and CNS effects. It is delivered as a biodegradable subcutaneous implant (16 mg) every 60 days, providing sustained peptide release to build a protective eumelanin tan before anticipated sun exposure.
Evidence last reviewed: 19 Apr 2026
Not a routine supplement — not recommended for self-directed use.
Information here is educational only, not a recommendation to use. See our Safety page.
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Evidence is from research or clinical settings — does not imply safety outside supervised contexts.
Moderate evidence supports afamelanotide's effectiveness in increasing skin pigmentation, reducing pain, and enhancing photoprotection in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. While the results are promising, further research may be needed to explore long-term effects and broader applications.
Pain reductionIndividuals with erythropoietic protoporphyria · RCTModerate
The treatment led to a significant reduction in pain during light exposure.
PigmentationGeneral population · RCTModerate
Afamelanotide increased skin pigmentation, which may contribute to photoprotection.
PhotoprotectionIndividuals with erythropoietic protoporphyria · RCTModerate
Afamelanotide significantly increased tolerance to sunlight and reduced pain associated with light exposure.