When we see beta-alanine in pre-workout formulas, quite often it serves two purposes. Beta-alanine helps to improve carnosine levels within the bloodstream, and carnosine helps to buffer acidosis or lactate. So it helps to delay onset of fatigue, helps to improve your endurance. But on the other side, people associate beta-alanine with paresthesia, which is that mad crazy tingling and itching effect that you get when beta-alanine is at saturation in your body. Does that paresthesia serve a purpose? Well, most people will associate if they take a product with beta-alanine and they feel the tingle on their face, that the product is having some crazy mad effect and that it's starting to kick in. So in reality, beta-alanine could be considered what we call a psychosomatic ingredient, whereby you feel the tingle on your face and all of a sudden you think all the ingredients in it are getting to work. Whether that's going to have a true sport performance or placebo effect, who knows? But that's one of the reasons why you'll often see beta-alanine in pre-workout formulas.