Vitamin B12

Essential cobalamin; deficiency common in vegans, older adults, & those on metformin. Supplementation corrects deficiency reliably.

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Evidence last reviewed: 04 Apr 2026

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Bottom line

Vitamin B12 is essential for energy and neurological health, especially for those at risk of deficiency. Supplementation is effective in correcting low levels reliably.

Worth considering if / Probably not worth it if

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Generic

Worth considering if

Probably not worth it if

Safety & trade-offs

Known concerns, timing, & interactions

Note

Cyanocobalamin releases trace cyanide on metabolism — methylcobalamin preferred for those with MTHFR variants or very high-dose supplementation

●High ●Moderate ● Low / note

Summarized study outcomes with population, design, grade, and effect data.

1 recordBest grade:High

B12 status / neurological function

Research shows that B12 supplementation effectively corrects deficiencies and improves energy and neurological symptoms in at-risk populations. While evidence is strong for its benefits, individual responses may vary, and monitoring levels is advisable.

B12 status / neurological function

Deficient adults; vegans; older adults · RCTs + observational

High

Reliably corrects deficiency; improves energy & neurological symptoms in deficient individuals.

Dose: 1 mgDuration: 8–12 weeks

Citation: EFSA guidelines; multiple deficiency correction RCTs

No established benefit in non-deficient adults; high oral doses (1000 mcg) compensate for poor absorption.

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