Selenium

Selenium is an essential trace mineral incorporated into selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase and thioiodothyronine deiodinases; the thyroid contains the highest selenium concentration per gram of any tissue, and supplementation reduces thyroid antibodies and supports hormone synthesis in deficient individuals.

thyroidantioxidantimmunelongevityhormonal

Dosing model

WEIGHT_LINEARScales linearly with body weight (dose ∝ kg).

Min dose

0 mg

Max dose

0 mg

Rounding

0 mg

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Evidence

2 records

Thyroid antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroid function in Hashimoto thyroiditis

Adults with Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis • systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs

Moderate

Meta-analysis of 35 RCTs (n=2,358) found selenium supplementation significantly decreased TPOAb levels in patients not on thyroid hormone replacement, lowered TSH, and reduced malondialdehyde; adverse effects were comparable to placebo (moderate certainty of evidence).

Dose: 0 mg • Duration: 3–12 months

Citation: Huwiler VV, Marti-Soler H, Hapfelmeier A, et al. Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Thyroid. 2024;34(3):295-313.

Dose expressed in mg (200 mcg = 0.2 mg). Organic selenium forms (selenomethionine) preferred over inorganic forms.

Thyroid function, selenium biochemistry, and immune parameters

General population and patients with thyroid disorders • review

Moderate

A comprehensive review confirmed that the thyroid gland contains the highest selenium concentration per gram of any organ; selenium is indispensable for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (as deiodinase cofactor), and deficiency impairs T4-to-T3 conversion; supplementation in autoimmune thyroiditis reduces antibody titers and may improve quality of life.

Dose: 0 mg • Duration: ongoing

Citation: Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:1297658.

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